ANSWER TO QUESTION

1. Explain the following principles with your own words and give one example per principle: 

• The principle of openness: refers to the different real situations of communication in foreign languages which helps educational processes, for instance video storage such as YouTube, teacher tube etc. audio files such as skype and virtual robots.
• The principle of integrated education: these are the different resources and technological tools implemented in the EFL teaching process, for instance the E-learning 
• The principle of consistency and systematic approach to training: is the development of training methods and techniques, all of this creates a very clear relationship between what has already been studied a new learning material for instance, teaching materials.
• The principle of interactivity: This principle helps all the participants with their educational process in order to fully communicate between each other, not only synchronously(videoconference). but  asynchronously ( chats, blogs etc.) 
• The principle of visualization and demonstrativeness: helps to explore the target language, due to its characteristics such as availability and sociability, in this case web 2.0 give you access to a very large amount of information and diverse content, with the help of hypermedia technology it has been possible to structure and organized all the learning material in various formats, such as text animation, graphics and podcast.
• The principle of activity: has 3 characteristics. Intellectual activity: is where problem- based learning methods and techniques are included to create a need for critical thinking and post-action review, for instance texts for reading comprehension 
• Emotional activity: is the positive motivation to the activities, is the satisfaction of results in the learning process, for instance games in English etc. 
• The principle of redundancy: optimally helps to stimulate the reflective activities of the students, teachers work with a lot of information, this principle analyzes and synthesize for problem solving for instance, educational workshops etc

2. Give at least three examples of the following methods for EFL teaching in the e-learning environment: 

Training methods: 

1. Audio lingual

2. Web conference

3. Blogs

Demonstration methods: 

1. Graphics

2. Texts

3. Audios 

Problem-solving method:

1. Subject sampler

2. WebQuest

3. Multimedia scrapbook

Team working methods: 

1. Meet

2. Skype

3. Blogs

Creative research method:

1. Software

2. Drive

3. Web-project

3. According to the article developed reading materials what are the most important elements that material developers should take into account in selecting and presenting reading materials.

Reading has a meaning to increase knowledge itself, and that is why the ability of reading is considered a value asset in society, therefore proper selection and very effective presentation of materials seem to be the key to success for the reader, however there are some important factors such as reader interest, prior knowledge, variety, relevance, and most important authenticity of materials etc. that developers need to take into account when preparing good reading materials. Vocabulary is one of the most important components of language, nation and waring(1997,p.17) stated that high frequency counting of a given language item ensures that students perform best for their vocabulary learning effort and that they are more likely to encounter the items in the future.

4. According to the document” materials for teaching writing, explain the following approaches 

The traditional product-oriented approach: the material emphasized on the product “ written text” it mentioned that if we identified model text written by component/skilled writers and it was given to students to read, they would by osmosis, absorb all the qualities of the good writing and they would become good writers.

The process-oriented approach: it replaced the traditional product-oriented approach, in it the entire writing process would be explored, that approach was oriented to find out skilled writers that their thinking process was before picking up a pen with their fingers, smith quoted in oluwadiya(1992) states that “ for competitive writers” writing is a non- linear, recursive and generative process that involves several steps or stages which are pre-writing, composition writing and re-writing(p.12)

The modern approach: This modern approach highlights 3 things: 

1. People write to stablish communication with readers

2. People write to achieve a specific porpoise

3. Writing is a very complex process because the act of writing is communicative, writers must be wary of its audience, they don’t need to worry much about shape or style, the modern approach is based on research into how good writers write. Zamel. Cited in hebelman and wiriyachtria(1990) and described how well native English writers write.

5. What are the 5 advantages  of using authentic materials in a writing classroom? Explain them and give real examples per advantage.

• The materials will expose students to a wide natural busines language which is used for the composition of functional texts in the work place, such as : songs, magazines and pamphlets 
• The authentic materials purpose is to connect classroom with the outside world for instance: movies.
• Make teaching and assessments to emphasize language skills rather than facts, in this case students will be exposed to how structured texts are managed, all this with the purpose of getting language teaching and learning moves away from providing a set of facts to be memorized for examination purposes and allows students to see for themselves what functional text is, for instance the grammar of sentences.
• Authentic materials will be inexpensive are readily available teaching resources, such as : news, announcements, obituaries, forms, and memos as well, however, institutions may consider other materials.
• Authentic materials will bring variety to classroom activities and support a creative approach to teach, furthermore, students will practice their skills learned in the class, bringing this learning to a real-life situation, this strategy will have a positive effect on students’ motivation.